Symphyodon Mont., a genus of pleurocarpous mosses, is comprised of 15 species. Species of Symphyodon, all dioicous, are primarily epiphytic and characterized by having echinate capsules, distally roughened or papillose setae, and prorate leaf cells. The genus is chiefly distributed in the tropical and the subtropical regions of the world with the majority of the taxa centered in southern and southeastern Asia. A detailed study of the peristome structure supports recognition of Symphyodon in its own family, Symphyodontaceae. The family is retained in the Leucodontales, suborder Neckerineae. All species are illustrated. Keys, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided.